Teaching Numbers to 100: Place Value and Multi-Digit Addition/Subtraction, Multiplication/Division

Teaching with Materials

Dual Board

Teaches place value; addition and subtraction of 2 digit numbers; regrouping; multiplication of 10, 9, 8, and 5.  It is often difficult to demonstrate to students the idea of regrouping. The structure of the Dual Board demonstrates easily that ten ones creates another ten – you physically run out of space for ones – and forces children to regroup them (or exchange them) for a ten-block.

The Dual Board is used to teach:

  • Place value in 2-digit numbers
  • Addition and subtraction of 2-digit numbers
  • Regrouping
  • Multiplication

Building 2-Place Numbers in the
Dual Board

Children build a 2-place number, such as 28, by putting two 10- blocks and eight 1-blocks (single cubes) in the Dual Board. Then they measure the number by placing the blocks in the number track. This gives them both the cardinal and the ordinal aspects of numbers. The Dual Board helps children see the structure of 2-place numbers. The number track helps children see where numbers come in the number sequence.

Number Track and Blocks

The Number Track is a concrete representation of the number line, giving children an understanding of the magnitude of “big” numbers. Children build numbers and play games on the number track, developing mental images of those numbers as they develop fluency in all operations.

The number track is used to demonstrate:

  • The place and magnitude of numbers on a number line from 0 to 100
  • The decades and the base-ten number system
  • Addition and subtraction
  • Multiplication and division

The 10-Table

The children discover the multiples of the 10-table by placing the 10-blocks in the number track, one after the other. They learn the meaning behind each multiplication fact as they state it in this game. This game is called "Stop and Go."

 

Introducing the Containing Aspect of Division: An Example

Children learn how to record and solve division examples. To discover how many times 5 goes into 15, children put 5-blocks into the number track until they reach 15. The teacher shows them where to write the answer 3 in this division algorithm.